![]() ![]() Moreover, mechanical strain plays an important role in stem cell differentiation and function: global gene expression changes (for example, smooth muscle markers increase, cartilage matrix decrease) when cells are aligned parallel to the strain axis. These researchers observed that stem cells will differentiate into bone-like cells when grown on stiff substrates or into neuron-like cells when grown on soft substrates. showed that the differentiation of stem cells is influenced by substrate mechanical properties. In the last few years, strong evidence has emerged that cells are sensitive to the mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness) of their environment. For example, the growth of smooth muscle cells and the import of nuclear proteins are stimulated by strains, and bone formation is stimulated in the presence of mechanical stimuli. Cells and other biological samples are often exposed to stresses and strains in their natural environment, and these stresses and strains can have a significant biological effect. ![]()
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